Artificial Sweeteners Are Really Bad Essay

Fake sugars are synthetic substances or characteristic exacerbates that supplant the pleasantness of sugar, without the entirety of the calories. Yet, in some cases the mark ‘sugar-free’ veils calories present in the food or drink. Aspartame, which is in Equal is a typical synthetic sugar with insane conceivable symptoms. Impacts incorporate pipedreams to seizures and mind tumors; it is not really worth expending for spared calories as I would see it. At that point you likewise have Sucralose, which is known as Splenda. Late exploration recommends that Splenda can develop both the liver and kidneys and therapist the thymus organs. Splenda purportedly can cause skin rashes, alarm, loose bowels, cerebral pains, bladder issues, stomach torment, and those symptoms don’t even summarize it. Notwithstanding the entirety of this, consider the waste engaged with the business of misleadingly improving. Ever ventured into a coffeehouse and saw a hill of sugar substitute bundles expanding on the counter or in the junk? We’ve been squandering one of our most valuable assets for a sugar that can hurt our bodies and forestall weight reduction. So what you can do rather to get your sugar fix? Go to regular sugars for your beverages and food the same. Nectar, agave nector, natural maple syrup, earthy colored rice syrup, and stevia are only a couple of regular sugars you can go to. Not exclusively will they unleash your body less, yet your help of these sugars rather will, in the long run, help to slow the creation of harmful fake sugars. I am keen on this theme in light of the fact that such a significant number of individuals that I know utilize counterfeit sugar. My mother notwithstanding, has never let us use things like sweet and low or splenda in light of the fact that she was consistently mindful of the awful things that occur in your body in light of these counterfeit sugars. I need to have the option to address the inquiry â€Å"well for what reason is it bad?† when individuals ask me for what good reason they shouldn’t use splenda and sweet and low. I will move toward this as an educational paper, telling the crowd why it is terrible, yet in addition making an effort not to utilize it toward the end.

Open Cycle Regenerator Gas Turbine Power Plant Engineering Essay

Open Cycle Regenerator Gas Turbine Power Plant Engineering Essay A presentation examination and streamlining of an open cycle regenerator gas turbine power-plant is to be performed. The investigation is performed by considering the eight weight drop misfortunes inside the open cycle during the computation of the influence yield which isn't considered in old style thermodynamic examination. The force yield can be advanced by modify the mass stream rate and the dissemination of weight misfortunes along the stream way. The force yield likewise can be advance by having the ideal fuel stream rate or any of the general weight drops just as the general weight proportion. A PC program is to be created to permit client to get the presentation examination dependent on the parameter entered by the client. Watchwords Open cycle regenerator gas turbine power plant, pressure drop, pressure proportion. 1. Presentation The gas turbine is obviously one of the most significant creations of the twentieth century, and it has transformed ourselves from various perspectives. Early gas turbines for power age applications were of low force and their warm productivity was too low to be in any way serious. Before the finish of the twentieth century, nonetheless, gas turbines were fit for yield up to 300MW with warm efficiencies of 40 percent and the gas turbine turned out to be broadly utilized in power age. The force plant for the most part comprises of an air blower, a warmth exchanger, a burning chamber and a gas turbine. In the first place, the air is being packed by the air blower and afterward being raised its temperature by the warmth exchanger before being combusted in the burning chamber. The air at that point experiences extension in the gas turbine lastly being channel back to the warmth exchanger before being discharged to surrounding condition. The gas turbine is utilized in a wide scope of utilizations. Normal uses incorporate force age plants and military and business airplane. In Jet Engine applications, the force yield of the turbine is utilized to give push to the airplane. Gas turbines work on the head of the Brayton Cycle, which is characterized as a steady weight cycle, with four essential tasks which it achieves all the while and ceaselessly for a continuous progression of intensity. The Brayton cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that portrays the operations of the gas turbine motor that can be utilized in both interior ignition motors, (for example, fly motors) and for outer burning motors. It for the most part comprises of a blower, an ignition chamber and a turbine. The four stages of the cycle are: (1-2) Isentropic Compression-Ambient air packed in the blower (2-3) Isobaric Heat Addition-Pressurized air warmed in the burning chamber (3-4) Isentropic Expansion-Expansion of warmed pressurized air in the turbine (4-1) Isobaric Heat Rejection-Heat dismissal to the climate Weight proportion Warm productivity of a Brayton cycle Isentropic connection 2. Writing audit Each ga turbine shares three major components practically speaking, a hub blower, a combustor and a turbine. These components cooperate to create usable vitality. First it changes over fuel vitality into heat vitality and afterward it bridle however much of that heat as could be expected and changes over it into mechanical vitality. The more warmth it creates, the more vitality it can remove. In any case, fundamental cycle gas turbine can just accomplish greatest productivity of under half. In this manner component, for example, regenerator, intercooler or reheater can be added to expand its warm productivity and the force yield. 2.1 Open Cycle Gas Turbine Gas turbines for the most part work on an open cycle, as appeared in Figure 1. Outside air at encompassing conditions is brought into the blower, where its temperature and weight are raised. The high-pressure air continues into the ignition chamber, where the fuel is scorched at consistent weight. The subsequent high-temperature gases at that point enter the turbine, where they grow to the climatic weight through a line of spout vanes. This extension makes the turbine cutting edge turn, which at that point turns a pole inside an attractive curl. At the point when the pole is pivoting inside the attractive curl, electrical flow is created. The fumes gases leaving the turbine in the open cycle are not re-coursed. 2.2 Closed Cycle Gas Turbine The open gas-turbne cycle can be demonstrated as a shut cycle as appeared in Figure 2 by using the air-standard suspicions Here the pressure and development forms continue as before, however the burning procedure is supplanted by a steady weight heat-expansion process from an outside source, and the fumes procedure is supplanted by a consistent weight heat-dismissal procedure to the surrounding air. 2.3Principal irreversibilities and Losses In genuine gas turbine, the T-S chart strays from a real gas turbine because of irreversibility. There are pressure misfortunes because of liquid contact during pressure and development. There are additionally pressure misfortunes during heat option and warmth dismissal because of liquid stream. Effectiveness of blower Effectiveness of turbine 2.4 Open Cycle Regenerator Gas Turbine Recovery includes the establishment of a regenerative warmth exchanger through which the turbine exhaust gases pass. In gas-turbine motors, the temperature of the fumes gas leaving the turbine is frequently significantly higher than the temperature of the air leaving the blower. Along these lines, the high-pressure air leaving the blower can be warmed by moving warmth to it from the hot fumes gases in a counter-stream heat exchanger, which is known as a regenerator. The most noteworthy temperature happening inside the regenerator is T4, the temperature of the fumes gases leaving the turbine and entering the regenerator. Under no conditions can the air be preheated in the regenerator to a temperature over this worth. Air typically leaves the regenerator at a lower temperature, T5. In the restricting (perfect) case, the air leaves the regenerator at the delta temperature of the fumes gases T4. The warm productivity of the Brayton cycle increments because of recovery since the segment of vitality of the fumes gases that is typically dismissed to the environmental factors is currently used to preheat the air entering the burning chamber. 2.5 Brayton cycle with recovery Warm productivity of a Brayton cycle with recovery: Level of recovery 3. Philosophies 3.1 Open recovered Brayton-cycle for a gas-turbine power-plant Execution investigation will be founded on the open cycle recovery gas turbine power plant model appeared previously. The cycle comprises of a blower, a regenerator, an ignition chamber, and a gas turbine. 3.2 The temperature-entropy graph and the stream protections of the force plant model The exhibition investigation will incorporate the with contemplations of the eight weight drop misfortunes in the admission, pressure, recovery, burning, extension and release procedures and stream process in the funneling, the warmth move misfortune to the encompassing condition, the irreversible pressure and development misfortunes in the blower and the turbine, and the irreversible ignition misfortune in the ignition chamber. 3.3 Procedure Perform hypothetical investigation on the presentation of an open cycle regenerator gas turbine power plant by thinking about the weight misfortunes. Compose a PC program to break down the presentation of an open cycle regenerator gas turbine power plant with and without pressure misfortunes. Think about the exhibition of the open cycle regenerator gas turbine power plant with and without pressure misfortunes. 3.4 Expected outcomes 4. Progress report dependent on Gantt diagram Table 1 à ¢Ã£ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢ ¬ Progress Report Errand done July Admirable September October Data investigate Getting ready proposition Study on thermodynamic Study on related diary paper Study on Matlab Study on related scientific formulae Endeavor to plot wanted diagram Readiness of progress report 4.1 Current advancement The above are a portion of the example diagram plotted that are like the normal outcomes. Be that as it may, the likenesses are restricted as the level of recovery of the regenerator in the normal outcomes stays obscure. The rest of the charts are still in the advancement as there are so challenges experienced with the numerical formulae. 5. End The task is going as indicated by the course of events given. Further examination on the turbine㠢㠢‚⠬㠢„â ¢s temperature proportion and the regenerator㠢㠢‚⠬㠢„â ¢s temperature proportion will assist with making the program wanted. 6. Suggestion Further investigation into thermodynamic will facilitate the advancement of this venture. There are one specific diary identified with the task that is yet to be bought. Buying this diary will tackle the vast majority of the issue experienced.

Geary, John White

Geary, John White Geary, John White ger ´e [key], 1819â€"73, American politician and Union general in the Civil War, b. Mt. Pleasant, Pa. In San Francisco from 1849 to 1852, Geary was the first U.S. postmaster, the last alcalde, and the first mayor. President Franklin Pierce appointed him governor of bleeding Kansas in July, 1856. His energy and firmness brought peace to the territory for the first time in many months, but the meeting of the determined proslavery legislature (Jan., 1857) and the discovery that little antislavery support could be expected from the incoming President James Buchanan led Geary to resign (March). In the Civil War, Geary was made a brigadier general of volunteers in Apr., 1862. He was wounded at Cedar Mt. (1862), commanded a division of the Army of the Potomac at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg (1863), distinguished himself under Joseph Hooker in the Chattanooga campaign (1864), and fought in W. T. Sherman's campaigns (1864â€"65). He was made major general of volunteer s in Jan., 1865. Geary was elected governor of Pennsylvania in 1866 and held that office until shortly before his death. See biography by H. M. Tinkcom (1940); J. H. Gihon, Geary and Kansas (1971). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Using Marxist Theory in the Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen...

â€Å"Greed is the root of all evil.† A quote from the Bible that describes many plays and stories. The Marxist theory uses a similar outlook on that saying, but it does not convey the message that the quote does. Using the Marxist theory, good can still be done though it typically isn’t. â€Å"A Doll’s House† is the perfect example of this theory, and the quote. Its narrative is almost wholly centered on economic status and money. The characters like Nora, Ms. Linde, and Krogstad are primarily main characters because of the money issues they have got themselves stuck into. It leads their actions till the very end of the play up until some of the characters realized that money was controlling their thoughts and actions. Nora Helmer, the†¦show more content†¦At this point in the play a loan has turned into a life threating debt that cannot be paid. Money continues to drive the plot but in a less narrow minded way than before. The string of debt has now been strung into a web that can’t be undone. Later in the play Nora realizes that money has only been swaying her of her ignorance involving Torvald. She understands that money isn’t the only reason to be with someone and then her story ends. Money has had control over the entire plot up until the very end when she denied the Marxist Theory. Marrying someone for their money is a huge sign of the Marxists Theory. The character known as Kristine or Mrs. Linde is guilty of this notion. Her family was in need and she had no way to provide for them, this led to her marrying a businessman to obtain an economic gain for all those that she cared about. She also is lunged into the plot because she is looking for a job which brings along with it money. She only did this because her two previous sources of income had fallen right under her. The businessman she was married to and her business that she had both collapsed. She would not have been in the plot if she wasnâ€℠¢t controlled by her limited economic situation that she was in. Before the play’s plot it was shown that she had left Krogstad because of his â€Å"hopeless prospects†. This quote could be taken in many ways but the most relevant idea to the plot would be that he simply had no goals, future, or a stableShow MoreRelatedCriticle Analysis of a Dolls House2519 Words   |  11 PagesCritical Analysis of A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House was a controversial play for its time because it questioned societys basic rules and norms. Multiple interpretations can be applied to the drama, which allows the reader to appreciate many different aspects of the play. This paper examines how both Feminist and Marxist analyses can be applied as literary theories in discussing Ibsens play because both center on two important subject matters in the literary work:

Learning Styles Essay - 922 Words

Adjusting learning and studying strategies can be a fast easy way to improve a college grade from a B to an A. Through studies of learning styles I have been able to decipher my learning types. I am a visual learner, have an integrated brain, meaning I use both hemispheres, and ranked highest in bodily-kinesthetic and logic-mathematical intelligence. There are three types of learning styles. They are: auditory, visual and kinesthetic. An auditory learner processes information by hearing and discussing the information. Visual learners process information through visuals such as charts, pictures, and other types of printed information. Kinesthetic learners process information by muscle movements and experiences that are hands-on.†¦show more content†¦Writing what I highlight down in my handwriting will give me an additional time of going over the important information. Also, it will sink in more because it is generally easier to visually remember ones own written text rather than printed text. By implementing this new, more in-depth study strategy I should show great improvement in my test and quiz scores, as well as in all other aspects of my classes. The second strategy I will try will be to add in some techniques from my second strongest category, kinesthetic. In this strategy I will be using all of the techniques from my first strategy, while adding manipulatives, walking and standing, and creating games. I will add manipulatives such as making flashcards. This will enable me to keep my hands busy while I learn. While studying the highlighted text and the rewritten text I will attempt to be standing or walking to dismiss the distraction of being uncomfortable from sitting for too long. Games will be created to make the studying more interesting. It will allow me to capture more of the information due to the use of a different studying technique. By experimenting with these different techniques I will be able to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of my studying, which will in turn show in higher grades. The brain dominance theory identifies specific functions of the left and right hemisphere of the brain. The test showed that I didn’t have dominant hemisphere as I scored a 6. This shows that I’mShow MoreRelatedLearning Styles : A Learning Style Assessment1520 Words   |  7 PagesA learning style is a term used to describe the ways in which people gather, interpret, and store information. Each style can be broken down into a category based on sensory needs: auditory, visual, and tactile. The presumption is that you will best retain the information presented to you if the conditions of your learning style meet. Based on the idea that learning styles exist, I consider myself a visual learner. I prefer to write instructions and keep my thoughts organized. I generate ideas basedRead MoreLearning Styles And Teaching Styles1877 Words   |  8 Pagesa multitude of different learning styles, the highly-Recognized ones being Visual, Aural, Verbal Physical, Logical, Social and Solitary Learning. It is imperative for teachers, especially young teacher who may lack experience to understand the dynamics of all these different learning styles. It is also important for teachers to be flexible in their lesson plans and overall teaching strategy’s because not all of your students will learn best from the same teaching styles and no one student will useRead MoreVark Learning Styles: Read/Write Learning Style1002 Words   |  5 Pages VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Name: Institution: VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Overview of the read/write learning style The read/write learning style mainly makes the use of printed words to receive and convey learning information. Using the style enables one skill to become the input of another through the transfer of the ability to read to that of writing. The skills transfer is integral in raising the awareness of how the structural components involved inRead MoreVark Learning Styles: Read/Write Learning Style1031 Words   |  5 Pages VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Name: Institution: VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Overview of the read/write learning style The read/write learning style mainly makes the use of printed words to receive and convey learning information. Using the style enables one skill to become the input of another through the transfer of the ability to read to that of writing. The skills transfer is integral in raising the awareness of how the structural components involved inRead MoreTeaching and Learning Styles1266 Words   |  6 Pagesfeatures can play a part in the type of learning style the child prefers. The personality and genetic makeup of the learner also affects the way in which they perceive and process information differently to other learners. (Gregorc, 1982) According Ellis (1985, p.14) a learning style is â€Å"the more or less consistent way in which a person perceives, conceptualizes, organizes and recalls information.† Therefore it is extremely vital that teachers adapt their teaching styles within the classroom so that eachRead MoreEssay on Adapting Teaching Styles to Learning Styles2023 Word s   |  9 Pagesallow them to retain the most information. The key to learning is not simply repetition, but being able to understand a concept. That is how a student can be sure that he or she has truly learned something. Teachers must be able to accommodate their students by tailoring their methods of teaching and materials. Different teaching styles obviously suit different learning styles, and no one teaching style can be effective for all learning styles. Because of this, teachers must be flexible in their methodsRead MorePersonal Learning Style At School966 Words   |  4 PagesPeople are different in their own way. Just as people are different, their styles of learning are different in a way in which affects the way they learn and determines whether they can succeed. Every person finds out what learning style they adept well to as it helps them achieve things much easier. Some students prefer to study at night before they go to bed. On the other hand, some students are mor e able to preserve more information if they study first thing in the morning, some people prefer toRead MoreThe Learning Style Inventory ( Lsi )1289 Words   |  6 Pagesresearched on how to put together a project in order to identify the learning styles. The starting point of this scheme was supported by the Kolb learning style inventory (LSI). Finally, they came up with the idea of a questionnaire. They gathered eighty questions together, containing four different learning styles along with characteristics of the person/s that might fit in. The image below represents the theory along with the learning styles produced. (workpress.com, 2011) Many people will argue thatRead MoreLearning Styles And The Learning Style1811 Words   |  8 Pageswill be exploring the importance of learning styles and the effectiveness of them to student nurses, providing evidence from learning theories and also acknowledging David Kolb’s experiential cycle (1984). Furthermore, I will be discussing my dominant learning style, providing the advantages and disadvantages of my learning style on my learning and development, considering the various ways I can improve my learning. I will also explain my weaker learning style and express the different ways I canRead MoreLearning Styles And Techniques Of Teaching898 Words   |  4 Pagesteaching, learning styles and techniques. Being able to observe a few different classrooms has given me an opportunity to witness different aspects of teaching. Through all of my observations during college of teachers I am confident that teaching is what I want to do with the rest of my life. I will touch o n a few topics from my observation throughout my paper such as, the objective of the lesson, types of methods the teachers used, differentiation instruction, ways the teachers assess learning in the

Application Software Free Essays

LP2 Assignment: Applications Software Managing Information Systems David Khuong National American University Author Note This paper was prepared for Managing Information Systems, Course ID: MT3500/CI3510, taught by Dr. Kim Eastern LP2 Assignment: Applications Software The three primary features commonly used applications software that will be summarized in this paper are personal application software, workgroup application software, and enterprise application software. Personal Application Software’s 1) Word processing; helps create, edit and print text documents. We will write a custom essay sample on Application Software or any similar topic only for you Order Now I. e. , Microsoft word, Corel WordPerfect, Google Docs, Apple Pages and Sun Writer. 2) Spreadsheet; provides a wide range of built-in functions for statistical, financial, logical, database, graphics, and date and time calculations. I. e. , Microsoft Excel, IBM Lotus 1-2-3, Google Spreadsheet, Apple Numbers and Sun Calc. 3) Database; stores, manipulate, and retrieve data. I. e. , Microsoft Access, IBM Lotus Approach, Borland dBASE, and Sun Base. 4) Graphics; develop graphs, illustrations, and drawings. I. e. , Adobe Illustrator and Adobe FreeHand. 5) Project management; plans, schedule, allocate, and control people and resources needed to complete a project according to schedule. 6) Financial management; provides income and expense tracking and reporting to monitor and plan budgets. I. e. , Intuit Quicken. ) Desktop publishing; use with personal computers and high-resolution printers to create high-quality printed output, including text and graphics, various styles of pages can be laid out; art and text files from other programs can also be integrated into published pages. I. e. , Quark Xpress, Microsoft Publisher, Adobe PageMaker, Corel Ventura Publisher, and Apple Pages. Workgroup Application Software Support local and international teamwork and utilizes groupware; software that helps groups of people work together more effectively. Groupware is defined by Ernst Young’s rules â€Å"Three Cs†. * Convenient; if it’s too hard to use, it’s not used; it should be as easy to use as the telephone. * Content; it must provide a constant stream of rich, relevant, and personalized content. * Coverage; if it isn’t conveniently accessible, it might never be used. Enterprise Application Software * Software developed to benefit the entire organization. * (ERP) Enterprise resource planning software; set of integrated programs that manage a company’s critical business operations for an national and international organization. Application software is integral for information Decision Support, and Specialized Purposes. Overall the application software applies the power of the computer to solve problems and perform specific tasks throughout the organization from personal, local to global level. References Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition. Chapter 2, Hardware and Software. Retrieved from: https://online. national. edu/d2l/lms/content/viewer/main_frame. d2l? ou=20924tId=921805 How to cite Application Software, Papers

The Eyes Of The Dragon Essays (1228 words) - Novels By Stephen King

The Eyes of the Dragon Annonymous Although it may seem quite absurd, the role of animals in The Eyes of the Dragon is a very supreme and dignified part of the novel. Through the development of the novel, the animal kingdom roars novel from insects to dogs and they all play their own, individual roles. The great black and white Anduan Husky named Frisky who is, out of all of her dogs, Naomis favorite, leads Ben Staad and Naomi directly to the whereabouts of Dennis, Peters butler. Flaggs animals are symbols of his plans for the downfall of Delain. The dragon that is killed by King Roland may be considered the most the memorable of all. In this archetypal tale, Thomas sees Flagg murder Thomass father through the eyes of the dragon. In the end of the novel, though, all of the animals roles fall into place. Frisky, Naomis companion, is a strong-willed, over- confident, Anduan Husky who may have been the greatest tracking dog that ever lived. This dog sums up the meaning of a mans best friend. Frisky, who can track a three-day-old scent in the middle winter, is the reason the story takes place as it does. Just as arson dogs help pinpoint the location of substances used to start fires, Frisky uses her keen sense of smell to pinpoint exactly where Dennis, son of Brandon, has journeyed to from Peynas farmhouse. Denniss mission is to go back to the castle where Thomas the Tax-Bringer and Flagg, the kings magician, live and are at high power. Peyna, who has just given up his Judge-Generals bench, has a feeling that there is some reason why Peter has asked for the Royal Napkins and his mothers dollhouse. Dennis is to find this reason by sending a letter to Peter, who is imprisoned at the time. Dennis journeys from Peynas farm in the Inner Baronies back to the fearful castle with nothing except for the risks of getting killed. Five days later, with not a soul knowing the whereabouts of Dennis, Naomi and Ben Staad (Peters best friend) come upon the deserted farm. Naomis dogs have been pulling the sleds for thirty miles all the way from a snowy hollow in which they were camping. The two now feel helpless. With no clue on where there friend had traveled to, they search diligently for any signs of what they are to do next and find nothing at all. If only there were a way to track him, Ben says and, thereafter, a light bulb lights in Naomis head like the sun on a due-soaked morning (King 296). This is the epitome of where Frisky fits into the picture. After brief discussion and argument, Ben and Naomi discover that there are traces of Dennis in this abandoned shed but it cannot be detected by humans and Friskys sense of smell is like the eyesight of a man with the gaze of a hawk (King 299). Stephen King substantially points out that Denniss scent is a bright electric blue and that Frisky has the scent stored away in her library of scents (King 299). Frisky leads her companions far and high, through many miles of snow to the deserted farmhouse and eventually to a place in which they are forced to pause. astle moat. One may appear dumbfounded considering why Frisky is referred to above as being over-confident. At the moat, after some minor conflict, the Anduan Husky personally expedites the situation and takes a leap of faith into the great sewer pipe which takes the travelers under the castle and directly to Denniss location. Besides the fact that Friskys noble nose is a main theme and could be considered by some a moral, there is more educational and entertainment values here than in any other part of the story. Flaggs animals aide him in all of his attempts to doom the kingdom of Delain. For example, the deathwatch spider that Flagg kept encaged for twenty years is his way to attempt to kill Sasha, the Kings beloved wife. The spider has been feeding on newborn baby mice that are dying from poison. The spider is blood red and as big as a rat (King 31). Flagg squeezes the spider to death and mixes the deadly insides with a glass of brandy, something that Sasha drinks a glass of each night to help her sleep. Flagg rings for a servant to come and take the glass to her. Sasha never finds out how close to death she came that night

Battle of Dien Bien Phu in the First Indochina War

Battle of Dien Bien Phu in the First Indochina War The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was fought from March 13 to May 7, 1954, and was the decisive engagement of the First Indochina War (1946-1954), the precursor to the Vietnam War. In 1954, French forces in French Indochina sought to cut the Viet Minhs supply lines to Laos. To accomplish this, a large fortified base was constructed at Dien Bien Phu in northwest Vietnam. It was hoped that the presence of the base would draw the Viet Minh into a pitched battle where superior French firepower could destroy its army. Poorly sited in the low ground of the valley, the base was soon besieged by Viet Minh forces which used artillery and infantry assaults to grind down the enemy while also deploying a large number of anti-aircraft guns to prevent the French from resupplying or evacuating. In nearly two months of fighting, the entire French garrison was either killed or captured. The victory effectively ended the First Indochina War and led to the 1954 Geneva Accords which split the country into North and South Vietnam. Background With the First Indochina War going poorly for the French, Premier Rene Mayer dispatched General Henri Navarre to take command in May 1953. Arriving in Hanoi, Navarre found that no long-term plan existed for defeating the Viet Minh and that French forces simply reacted to the enemys moves. Believing that he was also tasked with defending neighboring Laos, Navarre sought an effective method for interdicting Viet Minh supply lines through the region. Working with Colonel Louis Berteil, the hedgehog concept was developed which called for French troops to establish fortified camps near Viet Minh supply routes. Supplied by air, the hedgehogs would allow French troops to block the Viet Minhs supplies, compelling them to fall back. The concept was largely based on the French success at the Battle of Na San in late 1952. General Vo Nguyen Giap. Photograph Source: Public Domain Holding the high ground around a fortified camp at Na San, French forces had repeatedly beaten back assaults by General Vo Nguyen Giaps Viet Minh troops. Navarre believed that the approach used at Na San could be enlarged to force the Viet Minh to commit to a large, pitched battle where superior French firepower could destroy Giaps army. Building the Base In June 1953, Major General Renà © Cogny first proposed the idea of creating a mooring point at Dien Bien Phu in northwest Vietnam. While Cogny had envisioned a lightly defended airbase, Navarre seized on the location for trying the hedgehog approach. Though his subordinates protested, pointing out that unlike Na San they would not hold the high ground around the camp, Navarre persisted and planning moved forward. On November 20, 1953, Operation Castor commenced and 9,000 French troops were dropped into the Dien Bien Phu area over the next three days. Colonel Christian de Castries. US Army With Colonel Christian de Castries in command, they quickly overcame local Viet Minh opposition and began building a series of eight fortified strong points. Given female names, de Castries headquarters was located in the center of four fortifications known as Huguette, Dominique, Claudine, and Eliane. To the north, northwest, and northeast were works dubbed Gabrielle, Anne-Marie, and Beatrice, while four miles to the south, Isabelle guarded the bases reserve airstrip. Over the coming weeks, de Castries garrison increased to 10,800 men supported by artillery and ten M24 Chaffee light tanks. Battle of Dien Bien Phu Conflict: First Indochina War (1946-1954)Dates: March 13-May 7, 1954Armies and Commanders:FrenchBrigadier General Christian de CastriesColonel Pierre LanglaisMajor General Rene Cogny10,800 men (March 13)Viet MinhVo Nguyen Giap48,000 men (March 13)Casualties:French: 2,293 killed, 5,195 wounded, and 10,998 capturedViet Minh: approx. 23,000 Under Siege Moving to attack the French, Giap dispatched troops against the fortified camp at Lai Chau, forcing the garrison to flee towards Dien Bien Phu. En route, the Viet Minh effectively destroyed the 2,100-man column and only 185 reached the new base on December 22. Seeing an opportunity at Dien Bien Phu, Giap moved approximately 50,000 men into the hills around the French position, as well as the bulk of his heavy artillery and anti-aircraft guns. The preponderance of Viet Minh guns came as a surprise to the French who did not believe that Giap possessed a large artillery arm. Though Viet Minh shells began falling on the French position on January 31, 1954, Giap did not open the battle in earnest until 5:00 PM on March 13. Utilizing a new moon, Viet Minh forces launched a massive assault on Beatrice behind a heavy barrage of artillery fire. French M24 Chaffee light tanks firing during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, 1954. US Army Extensively trained for the operation, Viet Minh troops quickly overcame French opposition and secured the works. A French counterattack the next morning was easily defeated. The next day, artillery fire disabled the French airstrip forcing supplies to be dropped by parachute. That evening, Giap sent two regiments from the 308th Division against Gabrielle. Battling Algerian troops, they fought through the night. Hoping to relieve the beleaguered garrison, de Castries launched a counterattack north, but with little success. By 8:00 AM on March 15, the Algerians were forced to retreat. Two days later, Anne-Maries was easily taken when the Viet Minh were able to convince the Tai (a Vietnamese ethnic minority loyal to the French) soldiers manning it to defect. Though the next two weeks saw a lull in fighting, the French command structure was in tatters. The End Nears Despairing over the early defeats, de Castries secluded himself in his bunker and Colonel Pierre Langlais effectively took command of the garrison. During this time, Giap tightened his lines around the four central French fortifications. On March 30, after cutting off Isabelle, Giap began a series of assaults on the eastern bastions of Dominique and Eliane. Achieving a foothold in Dominique, the Viet Minhs advance was stopped by concentrated French artillery fire. Fighting raged in Dominique and Eliane through April 5, with the French desperately defending and counterattacking. Pausing, Giap shifted to trench warfare and attempted to isolate each French position. Over the next several days, fighting continued with heavy losses on both sides. With his mens morale sinking, Giap was forced to call for reinforcements from Laos. While the battle raged on the eastern side, Viet Minh forces succeeded in penetrating Huguette and by April 22 had captured 90% of the air strip. This made resupply, which had been difficult due to heavy anti-aircraft fire, next to impossible. Between May 1 and May 7, Giap renewed his assault and succeeded in overrunning the defenders. Fighting to the end, the last French resistance ended by nightfall on May 7. French prisoners of war are marched out of Dien Bien Phu, 1954. Public Domain Aftermath A disaster for the French, losses at Dien Bien Phu numbered 2,293 killed, 5,195 wounded, and 10,998 captured. Viet Minh casualties are estimated at around 23,000. The defeat at Dien Bien Phu marked the end of the First Indochina War and spurred peace negotiations which were ongoing in Geneva. The resulting 1954 Geneva Accords partitioned the country at the 17th Parallel and created a communist state in the north and a democratic state in the south. The resulting conflict between these two regimes ultimately grew into the Vietnam War.

Save Content In Your Unscheduled Bin To Organize Better

Save Content In Your Unscheduled Bin To Organize Better Sometimes there are just those projects you need to write notes about and table them for later. Other times, you might  put too many projects on your marketing calendar and need to put them on hold until you have more time. And then there are those folks who just like a clean marketing calendar without content on it unless theyre actively working on it to nail a hard deadline. Well, if you fall into any of those three categories, youre going to love the newest feature in : The content drafts bin. Woohoo! makes planning content even easier while not attached to my marketing calendar!Put Any Content Project On Hold This feature allows you to create any type of content you want- an e-book, video, webinar, etc.- and easily move it off your calendar. Youll  still retain all of your comments and tasks so you dont lose any of the work you put into your projects. Work On Projects In Draft Mode Now you can also work  on projects in draft mode and then schedule them on your calendar as you near your publish date. No More Draft Clutter Taking Over Your WordPress Do you hate having needless drafts in your WordPress?  Now you can start all of your posts as draft content first before exporting from into your WordPress. The content drafts bin works for however you create content- s custom editor, Evernote, and Google Docs. Just use one of these methods first, then use to magically turn your content into a WordPress post. Never Lose Another Awesome Content Idea The content drafts bin also serves as an awesome ideas bin. Again, any drafts here wont clutter up your WordPress- so never lose another awesome content idea again! And once youre ready, you can simply drag the unscheduled content right onto your marketing calendar. Good luck as you get started! Youre awesome.

Key terms, Issues & Conditions for legal confessions Essay

Key terms, Issues & Conditions for legal confessions - Essay Example Lastly informants may give a wrong or unreliable testimony in return for money or special treatment. In U.S.A alone, there have been about 303 convictions that end up exonerated after proper DNA examination (Fender, 2012). In June 1994, Jacie Taylor, a 19 years old girl body was found on a bathtub in her apartment after she was raped and murdered. During the house search for any evidence that would be useful in the case, the police found a blanket with semen on the victims couch. They also spotted and collected a bloody shirt belonging to Robert Dewey, the only and major suspect, during an interview in his apartment. The shirt was then sent to an investigations DNA laboratory for further examination (Fender, 2012). A year later a scientist from a Texas laboratory was brought before the court to testify. He said that the blood on Mr. Robert Dewey was a mixture and that some of it would be Miss Jacie Taylor’s. Mr. Robert Dewey went to prison and the evidence was contained in a laboratory in California. In 2000, Colorado introduced new medical technological tests known as STR testing that could examine and show more complex DNA features such as double helix. They also began uploading the DNAs of all the convicts in the CODIS database. Six years later even a more refined and accurate DNA technology known as YSTR test was introduced (Fender, 2012). YSTR tests could separate female DNA from that of male in case the two happened to mix up. With this technology, Danyel Joffe the Dewey’s post- conviction attorney, with the help of New York Innocence Project had the evidence held in the laboratory in California to be re-tested. The case was reviewed and the evidence at hand retested using a â€Å"mini filer† technology that could pull more comprehensive profiles from ruined DNA samples. The new evidence revealed that the blood on Mr. Robert Dewey’s shirt did not contain Miss Taylor’s blood. The technology also revealed

Strategic management (GAZPROM) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic management (GAZPROM) - Assignment Example Gazprom products do not only experience high demand in Russia but also in foreign countries. Major factors that have contributed to the high demand of the company products include increased household income in Russia and improved marketing strategies adopted by the company. Based on the large number of employees who have appropriate skills, the company has adequate resources that has enabled it to effectively compete with its main rivals that include Novatek, Northgas, Transneft, Russneft, TNK-BP and Novatek and Rosneft among others. The primary aspects that Gazprom should emulate in its strategic planning include expanding financial allocation that is focused at exploring oil reserves in developing countries as well as differentiation strategies. In this way, the company will not only increase shareholders returns but also it will effectively face off its competitors in the oil industry. To ensure that adequate control of its operations, Gazprom should involve all the stakeholders t hat include the shareholders, employees, Russian government and the marketers. Introduction A strategic analysis of an organization is carried out to examine the various ways through which a firm can achieve a competitive advantage over its competitors in the market. According to Lorenzen (2006) strategic planning is a rhythmic procedure that gives managers a clear view of the firms internal as well as the external environment. Consequently, managers get to a position where the organizations strengths and weaknesses are studied and solutions put into effect to counter the weaknesses that detriment the operations of their businesses. This paper seeks to discuss the environment analysis, structuring and an organization analysis as well as strategic plan of Gazprom, a Russian based company specializing in extraction of natural gas. Environmental analysis Industry analysis Having been established in 1989, Gazprom has various production subsidiaries that include Urengony, Nadvm, Yamburg and Novabrsk. With its major production fields being Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Nadym-Pur-Taz region, the company has significantly led to an expansion of natural oil industry. Due to lack of barriers to enter Russian oil industry, the industry has attracted large number of firms making Russia to be the largest oil producer globally. For example, in 2009 the country produced 494.2 million tons (Edward and Robert, 2009). Key competitors in the Russian oil industry include Surgutneftegaz, Lukoil, Rosneft, Gazprom, Northgas, Transneft, Russneft, TNK-BP and Novatek. Rosneft controls the biggest market share followed by Lukoil, TNK-BP, Surgutneftegaz and Gazprom. The major customers of the Gazprom come from domestic users. Other customers are based in Europe, CIS countries as well Baltic States (Aarentsen, 2003). Based on the large volume of oil the European countries and other foreign states demands from Russia they have attained a power that significantly controls oil prices at the international market. In order to compete with its rivals, Gazprom has embarked on diversifying its operations to include transmission, processing of gases as well as marketing and distribution of gases. Other activities that the company has adopted include repair of the Unified Gas Supply System and power generation (Fahey and

Solvent Effect on the Interaction of C20 and N2H2

Solvent Effect on the Interaction of C20 and N2H2 Solvent effect on the interaction of C20 and N2H2: A theoretical study Reza Ghiasi*,1, Hanieh Alavi2 Abstract: In this work, the interaction of C20 and N2H2 fragment was investigated in the M062X/6-311G(d,p) level of theory in both gas and solution phases. The influence of solvent on the interaction energy, structural parameters, frontier orbital energies and hyperpolarizability of C20†¦N2H2 complex has been explored. The interaction energies obtained with standard method were corrected by basis set superposition error (BSSE) during the geometry optimization for all complexes at the same levels of theory. The thermodynamic properties of the C20†¦N2H2 molecule at vacuum phase and different solvents have been calculated. Keywords: C20 cage, C20†¦N2H2 molecules, Frontier orbitals, solvent effect, hyperpolarizability. Introduction C20 molecule is potentially the smallest fullerene, and its structure has been investigated theoretically and experimentally [1-6]. This molecules has been generated and characterized in the gas phase [7]. Owing to its attractive structure, this ambiguous molecule has been the subject of many theoretical investigations [8, 9]. Fullerenes are considered as promising candidates for basic elements in nanoscale devices, and several examples of fullerene-based devices have been already investigated both experimentally and theoretically [10, 11]. Modification of C20 is a matter of general interest for experimentalists as well theoreticians to look into the structural as well as electronic properties. As a recent research, for instant, structure and properties of fullerene C20 and its derivatives C20(C2H2)n and C20(C2H4)n (n=1–4) have been studied [12]. These calculations showed that the most stable fullerene C20 and its derivatives C20(C2H2)n and C20(C2H4)n (n=1–3) reveal sig nificant aromaticity, while C20(C2H2)4 and C20(C2H4)4 have no spherical aromaticity. Also, heteroatom impacts on structure, stability and aromaticity of XnC20-n fullerenes have been explored [13]. The interaction of C20 with N2X2 (X=H, F, Cl, Br, Me) have been investigated theoretically [14]. Structure, aromaticity, frontier orbital analysis and the natural bond analysis of C20†¦N2X2 complexes have been explored, and the influence of the basis set and methods on the structure and interaction energies of these complexes have been explored. In the present work, extensive theoretical calculations on fullerene C20 and their interactions with N2H2 have been performed in both gas and solution phases. The Structure, frontier orbital analysis and hyperpolarizability of the C20†¦N2H2 have been explored. We also discuss the influence of the solvent on the structure properties of C20†¦N2H2 molecule. Computational Methods All calculations were carried out with the Gaussian 09 suite of program [15]. The calculations of systems contain C, and N described by the standard 6-311G(d,p) basis set [16-19]. Geometry optimization was performed utilizing with the hybrid functional of Truhlar and Zhao (M062X) [20]. A vibrational analysis was performed at each stationary point found, that confirm its identity as an energy minimum. The interaction energy, IE, can be evaluated from the difference between energy of the complex and sum of the energies of the C20 and N2H2: I.E = E(complex) – [E (C20)+ E(N2H2)] The calculated interaction energies were corrected for basis set superposition errors (BSSE), which were computed for all calculations using the counterpoise correction method of Boys and Bernardi [21]. Geometries were optimized at this level of theory without any symmetry constraints followed by the calculations of the first order hyperpolarizabilities. The total static first hyperpolarizability à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ was obtained from the following relation: upon calculating the individual static components Due to the Kleinman symmetry [22]: à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢xyy = à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ yxy = à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ yyx ; à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢yyz = à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ yzy = à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ zyy,†¦ one finally obtains the equation that has been employed: We have studied the solvation effects by using self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) approach, in particular using the polarizable continuum model (PCM) [23]. Using this method, the geometry of the studied complex was re-optimized and the hyperpolarizability was calculated by the same functionals and basis sets. Results and discussion Energetic The computed interaction energies (I.E) and the corrected interaction energies (I.E corrected) for the C20†¦N2H2 complex (Figure 1) in gas phase and various solvents have been gathered in Table 1. It can be expected interaction between C20 and N2H2 increases in the presence of more polar solvents. Figure 2 presents a good correlation between interaction energies values and dielectric constants of solvents. On the other hand, the comparison of interaction energy value in gas phase and solution phase show more interaction between C20 and N2H2 in solution phase. Thermochemical Analysis Thermochemical analysis is studied for all complexes. The values of à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾H, à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G and K are reported in Table 2 in which the individual terms are referred to a temperature of 298 K. The reaction can be considered as: C20 + N2H2à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ® C20†¦N2H2 As can be verified, the à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G values increase in solution phase. The equilibrium constants of the all complexes are given in Table 2. This shows that the equilibrium constant is most vacuum phase. Dipole moments The dipole moments of C20†¦N2H2 complex in gas phase and different solvents have been listed in Table 3. As seen in Table 3, C20†¦N2H2 complex has less dipole moment in gas phase. In the solution phase, dipole moments increase with increasing of polarity of the solvents. Also, these values show a good relationship with interaction energies values (Figure 3). Polarizability The isotropic and anisotropic polarizability values of C20†¦N2H2 complex in gas phase and different solvents have been gathered in Table 3. As seen in Table 3, C20†¦N2H2 complex has less polarizability in gas phase. There is good correlation between isotropic polarzability values and dielectric constants of solvent (R2=0.948). Bond distances The NN and C..N bond distances of C20†¦N2H2 complex in gas phase and different solvents have been collected in Table 1. As seen from Table 1, the bond lengths increase in solution phase. There is minor dependence between bond distances and dielectric constants values. The comparison NN bond distances of free N2H2 and complexed molecule show the rising of this bond in C20†¦N2H2 complex. Molecular orbital analysis The energies of the frontier orbitals (HOMO, LUMO) along with the corresponding HOMO–LUMO energy gaps for of C20†¦N2H2 complex in gas phase and different solvents are given in Table 4. Inclusion of solvation effects leads also to changes on the molecular orbital energies (Table 4). In solution, HOMO and LUMO are destabilized, with respect to the corresponding values in vacuum. Also, HOMO-LUMO gap and hardness of C20†¦N2H2 complex in solution phase is more than gas phase. A good relationship between HOMO-LUMO gap and polarity of solvents (R2=0.954). The variations in this property may be illustrated by considering the fact that neutral or charged species enhance their effective radii in solution phase. This signifies that the electrostatic potential q/r will forever diminish from gas phase to solution phase. As a result, solvated species will reduce their effective hardness and subsequently become softer in the solution phase [24]. On the other hand, when the interaction between C20 and N2H2 increases, then the most hardness values have observed. There is a good linear correlation between interaction energies and hardness values (R2=0.949). Electrophilic charge transfer (ECT) of C20†¦N2H2 complex in gas and various solvents has been reported in Table 4. ECT is defined as the difference between à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Nmax values of interacting molecules: ECT = à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Nmax(N2H2) à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Nmax(C20) In this equation à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Nmax is defined as: The positive values of ECT reveal charge flow from C20 to N2H2. On the other hand, these values show the decreasing of charge transfer with increasing of solvent polarity. Hyperpolarizability It is illustrated that solvent polarity participate an important role on the first hyperpolarizabilities in dipolar molecules. The à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢tot , à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢x, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢y, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢z values of C20†¦N2H2 complex in different solvents have been listed in Table 5. These values indicate à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢tot values decrease from vacuum to solution phase (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢total=0.0 for C20). The dependence of the first hyperpolarizability of the studied compound both on the dielectric constant of the media and the Onsager function has been investigated [25]. Figure 4 is typical for a dipolar reaction field interaction in the salvation process [25-28]. Therefore, the electronic reorganization in solution for C20†¦N2H2 complex acts an important effect on the resulting first hyperpolarizabilities. Conclusion: We showed in paper: The interaction energies values increase from vacuum to different solvents. In solution, HOMO and LUMO energies, hardness and chemical potential values are increased, with respect to the corresponding values in vacuum. On the other hand, electrophilicty values have been decreased in solution phase. The largest à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢tot values have been found in more polartity, and these values increase from vacuum to different solvents. References: [1]J. C. Grossman, L. Mitas, K. Raghavachari, Phys. Rev. Lett., 750, 3870 (1995). [2]E. J. Bylaska, P. R. Taylor, R. Kawai, J. H. Weare, J. Phys. Chem. A, 100, 6966 (1996). [3]R. Taylor, E. Bylaska, J. H. Weare, R. Kawai, Chem. Phys. Lett, 235, 558 (1995). [4]Z. Wang, P. Day, R. Pachte, Chem. Phys. Lett., 248, 121 (1996). [5]M. L. M. Jan, J. El-Yazal, J. Francois, Chem. Phys. Lett. , 248, 345 (1996). [6]S. Sokolova, A. Luchow, J. B. Anderson, Chem. Phys. Lett. , 323, 229 (2000). [7]H. Prinzbach, A. Weiler, P. Landenberger, F. Wahl, J. Worth, L. T. Scott, M. D. Gelmont, D. Olevano, B. V. Issendorff, Nature, 60, 407 (2000). [8]J. Luo, L. M. Peng, Z. Q. Xue, J. L. Wu, J. Chem. Phys, 120, 7998 (2004). [9]Z. Chen, T. Heine, H. Jiao, A. Hirsch, W. Thiel, P. v. R. Schleyer, Chem. Eur. J. , 10, 963 (2004). [10]J. Taylor, H. Guo, J. Wang, Phys. Rev. B 63, 121104 (2001). [11]D. Zeng, H. Wang, B. Wang, J. G. Hou, Appl. Phys. Lett, 77, 3595 (2000). [12]C. Zhanga, W. Sun, Z. Caob, J. Chem. Physics, 126, 144306 (2007). [13]M. Z. Kassaee, F. Buazar, M. Koohi, Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM, 940, 19 (2010). [14]R. Ghiasi, M. Z. Fashami, J. Theo.Comput. Chem (2014). [15]M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, G. Scalman, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, G. A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Caricato, X. Li, H. P. Hratchian, A. F. Izmaylov, J. Bloino, G. Zheng, J. L. Sonnenberg, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, T. Vreven, J. A. Montgomery, Jr., J. E. Peralta, F. Ogliaro, M. Bearpark, J. J. Heyd, E. Brothers, K. N. Kudin, V. N. Staroverov, R. Kobayashi, J. Normand, K. Raghavachari, A. Rendell, J. C. Burant, S. S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, M. Cossi, N. Rega, J. M. Millam, M. Klene, J. E. Knox, J. B. Cross, V. Bakken, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R. E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A. J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J. W. Ochterski, R. L. Martin, K. Morokuma, V. G. Zakrzewski, G. A. Voth, P. Salvador, J. J. Dannenberg, S. Dapprich, A. D. Daniels, O. Farkas, J. B. Foresman, J. V. Ortiz, J. Cioslowski, D. J. Fox, Revision A.02 ed., Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2009. [16]R. Krishnan, J. S. Binkley, R. Seeger, J. A. Pople, J. Chem. Phys. , 72, 650 (1980). [17]A. J. H. Wachters, J. Chem. Phys., 52, 1033 (1970). [18]P. J. Hay, J. Chem. Phys. , 66, 4377 (1977). [19]A. D. McLean, G. S. Chandler, J. Chem. Phys., 72, 5639 (1980). [20]Y. Zhao, D. G. Truhla, J. Phys. Chem, 110, 5121 (2006). [21]S. F. Boys, F. Bernardi, Mol. Phys., 19, 553 (1970). [22]D. A. Keleiman, Phy. Rev., 126, 1977 (1962). [23]J. Tomasi, B. Mennucci, R. Cammi, Chem. Rev., 105, 2999- (2005). [24]R. Pearson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 108, 6109 (1986). [25]L. Onsager, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 58, 1486 (1936). [26]K. Clays, A. Persoons, Phys. Rev. Lett. , 66, 2980 (1991). [27]H. Lee, S.-Y. An, M. Cho, J. Phys. Chem. B, 103, 4992 (1999). [28]P. C. Ray, J. Leszczynski, Chem. Phys. Lett., 399, 162 (2004). 1

Comparing and contrasting Bandura’s cognitive theory Essay

Introduction Perhaps there are as many differences as there are similarities between the ideas expressed in Bandura’s Cognitive Theory and Beck’s Cognitive Theory. Many similarities exist between the two theories because they are both based on the study of human behavior and personality. However, the ideas expressed and mechanisms used in analysis confer some discord between the two theories. It is evident that no two persons in the world would have exclusively similar thoughts about a phenomenon; hence, differences are always abound. Since studies in similar fields are usually related in a way, prevalence of similarities should not occur as a surprise. For example, the fact that behavior is affected by, among other things, the environment, is embraced in the detail of both theories. The two theorists are also of common opinion that negative thoughts are likely to trigger negative behavior and dysfunction in many activities. For example, Bandura’s theory highlights that people with high opinions about themselves are usually better performers in many activities than those who weigh themselves on a lower scale. In the same way, Beck’s theory is emphatic of the point that negative thoughts in people lead such people to have low opinion of themselves and evaluate themselves negatively. Bandura’s Cognitive Theory and Beck’s Cognitive Theory both view the environment as a determinant of personality and behavior. While Bandura (1976) used â€Å"environmental factors† in his triad, Beck (1976) showed that the â€Å"world† (in reference to the environment) is one of the factors that shape a person’s behavior, attitudes and perceptions about various phenomena. Both theorists agree that the environment acts together with other factors to shape a person’s character and behavior. For instance, Bandura (1986) observed that aggressive behavior in adolescents is caused by the environment, but the behavior as well creates an environment. Bandura referred to such a relationship as reciprocal determinism. On the other hand, Beck (1976) noted that the world shapes a persons character since a person acts in accordance with what is happening in the general world. Disparities in Bandura’s and Beck’s theories are evident right from the beginning of the model. While there is a similarity of the use of a triad, the constituents of the triads are the source of dissonance. This is in addition to many other instances in the illustration of the applications of the two models. This paper gives an analysis of the similarities and differences in the two theories and the implications or causes of such scenario. Moreover, the paper will highlight the key areas where similarities as well as differences occur between the two theories.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Simone De Beauvoir, and Virginia...

Many philosophers have argued that freedom should be applied to men in society. They argue that men should have both physical freedom and the liberty to express themselves. However, not many philosophers take into account the freedom and equality that women should have by nature. In the women’s case, equality is a necessary condition of freedom. In the works by women philosophers Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Simone De Beauvoir, and Virginia Woolf, an analysis on their works shows that these authors believe equality is absolutely a necessary condition of freedom for women. Due to the presence of and dependence on men, women are deprived from using their freedom to expand their knowledge, reason and their social standing. Thus, women don’t†¦show more content†¦She believes this inequality deprives women to be able to use their reason and freedom to their advantage. Gilman also says, â€Å"her confinement to the four walls of the house, have done great execution of course, in limiting her ideas, her information, her thought processes, and power of judgment†(Gilman 66). This confinement of women into the position of housewife is a way in which men deprive women of using their freedom to achieve the greatest potential they can. Women might be free physically but they are not free mentally. After women submit into marriage, they are enclosed and put into bubbles in which they are not allowed to think anything that men do not approve of that might be a disadvantage to them. Women owe everything they have to men and in return women are forced to pay the men back through domestic labor, enslaving themselves to male dominance. Men deprive women from the freedom to decide and they direct all the domestic activities women perform. Because of this system, the unequal distribution of power has not allowed women to have power over themselves and instead are enslaved in a cage and not free to exercise and expand their knowledge and reason. In addition to Gilman’s argument about marriage inequality she also goes on to say that women should change their cultural identities and take control of themselves by

His Mistress Going To Bed By Donne - 1272 Words

The Laws of Seduction On the surface, Donne’s â€Å"To His Mistress Going to Bed† seems like a simple request to admire and charm his mistress into sex. However, his impressive background of theology, cosmology and law is embedded in a subtle fashion which causes the poem to be much more elaborate than what first meets the eye. Donne suffered a few losses during his years including the loss of jobs, imprisonment, still born children, and the eventual death of his wife. If his poetry is any attempt to use wit and mastery to make up for his social shortcomings, this poem certainly aids in redirecting his readers. In â€Å"To His Mistress Going to Bed†, Donne incorporates diction, allusions, similes and metaphors surrounding sex, religion and law in†¦show more content†¦If his wit and intelligence is not enough to convince his companion, he also compares her girdle to the glistering of â€Å"heaven’s zone† (5). He then takes it a step further and declares that her girdle encompasses a far fairer world than heaven’s zone itself (6). The exaggeration of the comparison between the sparkle of jewels on her girdle and the radiance of heaven’s zodiac emphasizes the magnitude of captivation that the speaker claims in his continued efforts to sleep with her. Donne’s inclusion of religion and spirituality both reinforces his broad scope of knowledge and downplays the animalistic perception surrounding sex. â€Å"Bringest with thee a heaven like Mahomet’s paradise† alludes to Donne’s knowledge of the Quran belief system, while providing another smooth comparison of the speaker’s desires with his mistress (20-21). He also compares the white robe she wears in the poem to the robes â€Å"†¦heaven’s angels used to be/ Received by men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in (19-20). His combination of erotic language and association with the alleged heaven-like, virgin angel’s in Mahomet’s paradise aids in softening his approach to woo the mistress (cite footnote 3 here). Metaphors that compare their â€Å"soft bed† to a â€Å"hallowed temple† compliment the religious associations while also adding a sacred tone to his speech (18). His comparison of her to angels, heaven and paradise also evo kes the supernatural type ofShow MoreRelatedComparing To his Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell and To his Mistress Going to Bed by John Donne1511 Words   |  7 PagesComparing To his Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell and To his Mistress Going to Bed by John Donne In recent times I have compared and contrasted two pieces of love poetry, both of which are exceptionally lyrical and full of intellectual language that bring the poems alive with elaborated metaphors that compare dissimilar things, as they Inare equally, yet somehow individually both metaphysical poems. The first of these poems that I comprehended was To his Coy Mistress; (writtenRead MoreA Comparison of ‘To His Coy Mistress’ by Andrew Marvell and ‘To His Mistress Going to Bed’ by John Donne2064 Words   |  9 PagesA Comparison of ‘To His Coy Mistress’ by Andrew Marvell and ‘To His Mistress Going to Bed’ by John Donne ‘To His Coy Mistress’ and ‘To His Mistress Going to Bed’ are both poems about men seducing women. They centre around sex rather than love or romance. Sixteenth and seventeenth century attitudes to love and relationships were much stricter going as far as wealthy people asking their perspective lovers to court them via love poem or letter. Though this has changed fromRead MoreJohn Donne to his mistress going to bed comparative discussion with Courtly love or woman as thing and Unbearable Weight1724 Words   |  7 PagesDonne’s poem ‘To His Mistress Going to Bed’1 appears on the surface to be a poem celebrating the beauty of the female body and the joys of sex. However it is through a closer reading that we see that this poem is in fact not celebrating the woman at all, rather she becomes an object through which the speaker can achieve his desire. By looking at Slavoj Ã… ½iÃ… ¾ek’s essay ‘Courtly Love, or, Woman as Thing’2 and Susan Bordo’s ‘Unbearable Weight’ 3 we can see how Donne represents the mistress of this poem toRead More To His Coy Mistress Essay1227 Words   |  5 PagesTo His Coy Mistress Compare and Contrast â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† By John Donne. â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† and â€Å" To His Mistress Going to bed† are two poems that feature â€Å"carpe diem†; they are also written by two of the most well known metaphysical poets. Andrew Marvell, the author of â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† and John Donne, the writer of â€Å"To His Mistress Going To Bed†. Both poems were written through the 16th and 17th Century, where love and sex were describe as two different things. 16th and 17th Read MoreEssay on Romantic Contradiction in the Poetry of John Donne1010 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Poetry of John Donne John Donnes poem Elegy 19: To His Mistress Going to Bed is closely related to The Sun Rising in its treatment of love, lust, and togetherness. Both discuss and argue different stances on the same topics, but are united by their language and development. The structure of Elegy 19 and use of poetic techniques relate it directly and indirectly to The Sun Rising. In Elegy 19, there are forty-eight lines of adoration of the mistress of the title; this poemRead MoreEssay on John Donne1928 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Donne John Donne had a rich life full of travel, women and religion. Donne was born in 1572 on Bread Street in London. The family was Roman Catholic which was dangerous during this time when Catholicism was being abolished and protestant was taking over. Donne’s farther was an iron monger who died in 1576. At 11 Donne and his younger brother went to university and studied there for three years then he went to Cambridge for a further three years. He left without any degrees becauseRead MoreJohn Donne Love Poetry1442 Words   |  6 Pagesin his prose book â€Å"The Dyers Hand and Other Essays† suggests â€Å"What makes it difficult for a poet not to tell lies is that, in poetry, all facts and all beliefs cease to be true or false and become interesting possibilities†¦It may not, perhaps, be absolutely necessary that he believe it, but it is certainly necessary that his emotions be deeply involved, and this they can never be unless, as a man, he takes it more seriously than as a mere poetic convenience.† It is Donne’s sensibility and his personalRead More To His Mistress Going to Bed, Good Morrow, Corinnas Going A-Maying, and To His Coy Mistress2411 Words   |  10 Pages Seduction in To His Mistress Going to Bed, Good Morrow, Corinnas Going A- Maying, and To His Coy Mistress Throughout time, one of the greatest challenges mankind has faced is the sexual conquest of womankind. In many cultures today, this challenge has evolved into an intricate courting process that often involves buying the woman flowers, gifts, and meals to persuade her to have sex. Another device that a man might use to seduce a woman is poetryRead More To his Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell and The Flea by John Donne1987 Words   |  8 PagesTo his Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell and The Flea by John Donne Two of the poems in Best Words are seduction poems, rather than love poems. These are To his coy mistress by Andrew Marvell and The Flea by John Donne. Compare these two poems by analysing: -  · Each poets intention  · Form of the poem  · Language used in the poem  · Your reaction to the unromantic poems. ‘Let me not to the marriage of true minders/Admit impediments, love is not love’, is one of many famous love sonnetsRead MoreEssay on The Flea by John Donne2357 Words   |  10 PagesThe Flea by John Donne â€Å"The Flea†, a witty poem of seduction and conceit, taken from John Donne’s â€Å"Songs and Sonets† is the poem that I have chosen to compare to â€Å"Song†, another poem of John Donne’s where he is passionately pleading with his wife not to be disheartened about his departure abroad. Both poems which belong to â€Å" Songs and Sonets†, written around the time of the 16th century, show that their title suggests they are both short poems, following the traditional form of a sonnet